Peru Highlights

The Peru Highlights takes you from Peru’s Pacific coast, over the high Andes and through Inca country to the Amazon rainforest, highlighting Peru’s cultural, archaeological and ancient attractions, as well as its natural resources.

Peru is a vibrant country rich in history and natural beauty. Key highlights include Machu Picchu, the iconic Incan citadel in the Andes, and Cusco, the former Inca capital with its colonial charm. The mysterious Nazca Lines captivate with their ancient geoglyphs, while Lake Titicaca offers unique floating islands.

The Amazon Rainforest is a biodiversity hotspot, and Arequipa, the “White City,” is near stunning Colca Canyon. Lima is a culinary capital, famous for its diverse dishes. Outdoor enthusiasts can explore Huascarán National Park or trek the scenic Salkantay Trail, making Peru a must-visit destination.

1.- Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu, often referred to as the “Lost City of the Incas,” stands as a testament to the architectural brilliance and ingenuity of the Incan civilization. Constructed in the 15th century, it is believed to have served as a royal estate or a religious retreat. The site encompasses approximately 13 square kilometers and features a complex of over 200 structures, including temples, terraces, and agricultural areas.

The strategic location of Machu Picchu, nestled between two peaks, allowed the Incas to create a site that was not only defensible but also in harmony with the surrounding natural landscape. The careful arrangement of the stones and the terraced agricultural fields demonstrate the Incas’ advanced understanding of agriculture and architecture. Each stone was cut to fit together perfectly, showcasing their mastery in masonry.

Visiting Machu Picchu is often the highlight of any trip to Peru. Most travelers arrive via a train from Cusco to Aguas Calientes, the nearest town. From there, a bus or hike leads to the citadel. The journey to Machu Picchu is as breathtaking as the destination itself, with stunning views of the Andes and lush cloud forests.

Activities and Experiences:

Inca Trail Trek: The four-day Inca Trail trek is a challenging but rewarding experience that leads you through diverse ecosystems, Incan ruins, and breathtaking landscapes. It’s a physically demanding hike, requiring a good level of fitness and prior booking due to limited permits.
Guided Tours: Consider hiring a knowledgeable guide to enhance your understanding of the site’s history and significance. Many guided tours provide insights into Incan mythology, architecture, and daily life.
Sunrise Viewing: Arriving early allows you to witness the sunrise over the Andes, casting a golden hue over the ruins. This magical moment is one of the most photographed scenes in the world.

Travel Tips:

Advance Booking: It’s essential to book tickets to Machu Picchu and any trekking permits well in advance, especially during the high season from May to September.
Prepare for Altitude: While Machu Picchu itself is lower than Cusco, the surrounding areas are high in altitude. Acclimatization is crucial to avoid altitude sickness.
Respect the Site: Follow guidelines to preserve this UNESCO World Heritage Site. Stay on marked paths, refrain from touching structures, and dispose of waste properly.

2.- Cusco

Cusco Cusco, the former capital of the Inca Empire, is a vibrant city that seamlessly blends its rich indigenous heritage with Spanish colonial influences. The city’s layout is a testament to Incan urban planning, and it is often referred to as the “navel of the world” by the Incas. The cobblestone streets, colonial churches, and lively plazas make Cusco a captivating destination.

The city is home to numerous archaeological sites, reflecting its historical significance. Visitors can explore the ruins of Qorikancha, once the most important temple dedicated to the sun god Inti, and Sacsayhuamán, a fortress known for its massive stone walls.

Cultural Experiences

Festivals: Cusco hosts vibrant festivals throughout the year. Inti Raymi, held in June, is one of the most important, celebrating the Winter Solstice with elaborate reenactments of Inca rituals.
Culinary Scene: The city is known for its culinary delights, blending traditional Peruvian ingredients with contemporary techniques. Dining at local eateries and markets provides a taste of authentic Peruvian cuisine, including ceviche, alpaca steak, and traditional soups.

Activities and Exploration

Walking Tours: Guided walking tours can help you navigate the city’s rich history. Many tours include visits to lesser-known sites and hidden gems.
San Pedro Market: A visit to this bustling market is essential for experiencing local culture. Here, you can find fresh produce, traditional textiles, and unique handicrafts.

Travel Tips

Acclimatization: Cusco is at a high altitude, so allow a couple of days to adjust before engaging in strenuous activities. Drink plenty of water and avoid excessive alcohol.
Transportation: While walking is a great way to explore, taxis and buses are readily available. Many attractions are within walking distance of each other.

3.- Sacred Valley

The Sacred Valley or Urubamba Valley, is a stunning region located between Cusco and Machu Picchu, known for its breathtaking landscapes and rich cultural heritage. This valley was vital to the Inca Empire for agriculture, and its fertile lands continue to sustain local communities.

Key Sites

Ollantaytambo: This living Incan town features impressive archaeological ruins, including a fortress and temple complex. The town layout follows the original Incan design, with narrow cobblestone streets and traditional adobe homes.
Pisac: Renowned for its ruins and vibrant market, Pisac offers an insight into Incan agricultural practices and stunning views of the valley. The market is an excellent place to buy handmade crafts and local produce.

Cultural Activities

Traditional Weaving Demonstrations: Many communities in the Sacred Valley, such as Chinchero, offer demonstrations of traditional weaving techniques. Visitors can learn about the process and the cultural significance of textiles.
Local Festivals: Participating in local festivals provides a glimpse into the traditions and customs of the Andean people, featuring colorful costumes, music, and dance.

Adventure Opportunities

Trekking and Hiking: The Sacred Valley offers numerous trekking routes, including short hikes to beautiful viewpoints and longer multi-day treks.
Adventure Sports: Activities such as mountain biking, horseback riding, and zip-lining are popular, providing an adrenaline rush amidst stunning scenery.

Travel Tips

Transportation: Buses and taxis are available for travel between towns, but consider renting a bike or joining guided tours for a more immersive experience.
Local Cuisine: Be sure to try local dishes in the Sacred Valley, such as pachamanca (a traditional Peruvian dish cooked underground) and fresh corn varieties.

4.- Lake Titicaca

Lake Titicaca is the largest lake in South America and the highest navigable lake in the world. It is a sacred site for many indigenous communities and is known for its stunning scenery, unique cultural heritage, and diverse ecosystems.

Cultural Insights

Uros Islands: The Uros people live on these floating islands, constructed entirely from totora reeds. Visitors can experience their traditional way of life, including fishing, weaving, and crafting boats from reeds.
Taquile Island: Famous for its textiles and strong community values, Taquile Island offers a glimpse into traditional Andean culture. The islanders are known for their intricate weaving techniques, and visitors can engage in workshops to learn more.

Activities

Boat Tours: Many tours around the lake include visits to both Uros and Taquile Islands. Local guides often provide insights into the customs and lifestyles of the communities.
Hiking and Exploration: The hills surrounding the lake offer excellent hiking trails with breathtaking views of the water and the Andes.

Travel Tips

Weather: Dress in layers, as temperatures can fluctuate throughout the day. Mornings can be chilly, while afternoons are often warm.
Altitude Considerations: Lake Titicaca is at a high altitude, so take time to acclimatize to avoid altitude sickness. Drink plenty of water and avoid heavy meals on your first day.

5.- Nazca Lines

The Nazca Lines are a series of enormous geoglyphs etched into the Nazca Desert, depicting various animals, plants, and geometric shapes. Created by the Nazca culture between 500 BC and AD 500, these ancient designs are best appreciated from the air.

Mysteries and Theories

The purpose of the Nazca Lines remains a topic of debate among researchers. Some theories suggest they may have been used for astronomical observations, while others believe they had religious or ceremonial significance.
Notable figures include the hummingbird, monkey, and whale, which span hundreds of meters across the desert.

Visiting Tips

Flight Tours: Small plane tours provide the best views of the lines. Booking in advance is recommended, especially during peak travel seasons.
Observation Towers: For those who prefer not to fly, there are observation towers where you can view some of the lines from the ground.

6.- Amazon Rainforest

Amazon Rainforest The Peruvian Amazon is one of the most biodiverse regions in the world, home to countless species of plants and animals, as well as indigenous communities with rich cultural traditions.

Wildlife Encounters

Visitors can expect to see diverse wildlife, including monkeys, sloths, colorful birds, and perhaps even elusive jaguars. Many lodges offer guided excursions into the rainforest for wildlife spotting.
Night Tours: Guided night walks provide opportunities to see nocturnal creatures and experience the sounds of the jungle after dark.

Cultural Experiences

Many eco-lodges offer cultural immersion programs, allowing visitors to learn about the traditions, crafts, and sustainable practices of indigenous communities. This can include cooking classes, traditional medicine workshops, and more.

Activities

Hiking and Canoeing: Explore the rainforest on foot or by canoe. Guided tours often include informative commentary about the local ecology and conservation efforts.
Fishing Expeditions: Some lodges offer fishing trips, where visitors can catch local fish, including piranhas, and learn about sustainable fishing practices.

Travel Tips

Best Time to Visit: The dry season (May to October) is generally the best time to visit, as it offers clearer skies and easier access to trails. However, the wet season brings lush greenery and abundant wildlife.
Health Precautions: Consult with a healthcare professional regarding vaccinations and medications before traveling to the Amazon.

7.- Arequipa and Colca Canyon

Colca Canyon Arequipa, known as the “White City” due to its sillar stone architecture, is surrounded by stunning volcanic landscapes and offers rich cultural experiences. The city features a mix of colonial and indigenous influences, evident in its architecture, food, and customs.

Key Attractions

Santa Catalina Monastery: A city within a city, this sprawling convent complex features colorful streets, plazas, and beautifully painted walls. It provides a glimpse into the life of nuns in colonial times.
Plaza de Armas: The main square is a hub of activity, surrounded by impressive colonial buildings, including the Arequipa Cathedral and the beautiful Basilica.

Colca Canyon

Colca Canyon, one of the deepest canyons in the world, is known for its dramatic landscapes and opportunities for trekking and wildlife viewing, particularly the majestic Andean condor.

Activities

Trekking: Colca Canyon offers various trekking routes, from easy day hikes to challenging multi-day treks. Experienced guides can enhance your experience with insights into the local flora and fauna.
Hot Springs: After a day of hiking, visitors can relax in the thermal baths located near Chivay, enjoying the soothing waters against the backdrop of stunning scenery.

Travel Tips

Timing: The best time to visit Arequipa and Colca Canyon is during the dry season (May to October) when the weather is more stable.
Culinary Scene: Don’t miss local specialties such as rocoto relleno (stuffed spicy peppers) and chupe de camarones (shrimp chowder).

8.- Lima

Lima Lima, the capital of Peru, is a bustling metropolis rich in history, culture, and gastronomy. The city’s colonial architecture, vibrant neighborhoods, and culinary scene make it a must-visit destination.

Key Attractions

Larco Museum: Home to an extensive collection of pre-Columbian art and artifacts, the Larco Museum offers valuable insights into the ancient cultures of Peru. The museum’s café is also known for its excellent cuisine.
Historic Center: The Plaza Mayor is surrounded by important landmarks, including the Government Palace and the Cathedral of Lima. The area is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and showcases beautiful colonial architecture.

Culinary Experiences

Lima is renowned as a gastronomic capital, with a plethora of world-class restaurants and street food options. Don’t miss trying ceviche, pisco sour, and local desserts like suspiro a la limeña.

Activities

Cultural Tours: Explore Lima’s neighborhoods, such as Barranco and Miraflores, known for their artistic vibe and seaside promenades. Guided tours often include street art, historical sites, and culinary tastings.
Surfing: The beaches in Lima, particularly in Miraflores and Punta Hermosa, are popular for surfing. Many surf schools offer lessons for all levels.

Travel Tips

Transportation: Lima has a comprehensive public transport system, including buses and the Metropolitano transit system. Taxis and ride-sharing services are also widely available.
Safety: Like any major city, it’s important to stay aware of your surroundings and take standard safety precautions, particularly in crowded areas.

Conclusion

Peru is a captivating blend of ancient history, vibrant culture, and stunning landscapes. From the iconic Machu Picchu and the rich heritage of Cusco to the serene beauty of Lake Titicaca and the mysteries of the Nazca Lines, each destination offers unique experiences.

The Sacred Valley showcases the traditions of the Andean people, while the Amazon rainforest reveals incredible biodiversity. Arequipa’s architecture and Colca Canyon’s dramatic views highlight the country’s diversity, and Lima serves as a dynamic culinary hub.

Traveling through Peru is about more than just sights; it’s an immersive journey into its rich heritage and the warm spirit of its people, creating lasting memories that resonate long after your visit.