Aguas Calientes: A Visit to Machu Picchu Pueblo
Nestled in the lush Peruvian Andes, Aguas Calientes – also known as Machu Picchu Pueblo – is the gateway to one of the most iconic archaeological sites in the world: Machu Picchu. This charming village, perched beside the Urubamba River, serves as the perfect base for travelers preparing to explore the ancient Inca citadel.
Whether you’re a history enthusiast, nature lover, or adventure seeker, Aguas Calientes offers a mix of rich culture, stunning landscapes, and convenient access to the breathtaking Machu Picchu. In this guide, we’ll take you through everything you need to know about visiting Aguas Calientes, including the best ways to get there, top attractions, and must-know tips for a memorable trip to Machu Picchu Pueblo.
History
Aguas Calientes, also known as Machu Picchu Pueblo, is a small town located at the base of the famous Machu Picchu. While the area has long been inhabited by indigenous peoples, the town itself grew in importance after Hiram Bingham’s rediscovery of Machu Picchu in 1911.
The completion of a rail line to the town in the 1920s made it more accessible, turning it into the main gateway for travelers heading to the ancient Inca site. Named for its nearby hot springs, Aguas Calientes is now a bustling hub for tourism, with a variety of accommodations and services catering to the millions of visitors to Machu Picchu each year.
Location of Aguas Calientes.
Aguas Calientes, a picturesque town in southern Peru, is located on the banks of the Urubamba River, 9 kilometers east of Machu Picchu and 74 kilometers northwest of Cusco. It is part of the La Convención district in the Urubamba Province of the Cusco region. The town is primarily accessible by train from Ollantaytambo, which is 31 kilometers to the northwest.
Situated at an altitude of 2,040 meters (6,693 feet) above sea level, Aguas Calientes is notably lower than Machu Picchu (7,973 feet) and Cusco (11,152 feet). The town is surrounded by stunning granite mountains, lush with vegetation, offering a serene and dramatic landscape.
With a population of around 3,600 residents, Aguas Calientes serves as a gateway for travelers heading to the world-famous Machu Picchu.
How to Get to Aguas Calientes
Aguas Calientes, officially known as Machu Picchu Pueblo, is a small yet vibrant town located at the foot of the world-famous Machu Picchu. As the main gateway for those traveling to the ancient Incan citadel, Aguas Calientes has become a key destination for tourists from around the world.
While the town offers a variety of accommodations, restaurants, and attractions, it’s the journey to reach Aguas Calientes that marks the beginning of a truly memorable adventure. Whether you prefer a comfortable train ride, a thrilling hike, or a more budget-friendly option, there are several ways to reach Aguas Calientes, each with its own unique experience and set of challenges.
This comprehensive guide will provide you with a detailed overview of how to get to Aguas Calientes, from train travel to trekking options, including the best routes, tips for planning your trip, and important information about each mode of transportation. No matter what your travel style is, there is a path to Aguas Calientes that will suit your preferences and make your journey to Machu Picchu as smooth and enjoyable as possible.
1.- Train Travel: The Most Popular and Convenient Option
The most widely used and convenient way to reach Aguas Calientes is by train. Several companies operate train services from different starting points in the Sacred Valley, offering comfort and convenience. The train ride is scenic, allowing travelers to enjoy spectacular views of the mountains, rivers, and valleys along the way.
1.1.- Train from Ollantaytambo
Overview: Ollantaytambo is the most common starting point for trains to Aguas Calientes. The journey from Ollantaytambo is relatively short and offers some of the most stunning views of the Sacred Valley. Passengers travel along the Urubamba River and through lush mountain landscapes, creating a truly scenic experience.
- Train Operators: The two primary companies operating on this route are PeruRail and IncaRail. Both companies offer a variety of service classes, ranging from budget-friendly options to luxurious experiences.
- PeruRail offers trains like the Expedition (the most economical), the Vistadome (with panoramic windows and more comfortable seating), and the Hiram Bingham (a luxurious, all-inclusive option).
- IncaRail offers similar options, including the IncaRail Voyager (comfortable seating and great views) and the IncaRail First Class (luxury services with gourmet meals and beverages).
- Ticket Prices: Prices vary depending on the service class and the time of year, with luxury options costing significantly more than budget ones. Tickets should be booked well in advance, especially during the high season (May to September).
- What to Expect: The train ride is part of the adventure itself, as travelers can enjoy the breathtaking natural scenery. The Vistadome trains, in particular, provide panoramic views that enhance the journey, making it a visual feast.
- Duration: Approximately 1.5 to 2 hours.
- Distance: 60 kilometers (37 miles).
1.2. Train from Poroy (Near Cusco)
Overview: Poroy is located a short distance outside of Cusco and is another popular departure point for travelers heading to Aguas Calientes. While this train ride is longer than the Ollantaytambo route, it offers travelers the chance to enjoy the scenic beauty of the region while traveling in style.
What to Expect: Trains from Poroy are generally less frequent than those from Ollantaytambo, so it’s essential to plan your travel times carefully. The journey itself offers glimpses of Peru’s countryside and river valleys.
- Ticket Prices: Similar to the Ollantaytambo route, ticket prices depend on the class of service and time of booking. Expect to pay more for premium options like the Hiram Bingham.
- Duration: Approximately 3.5 to 4 hours.
- Distance: 20 kilometers (12.5 miles) from Cusco.
2.- Hiking to Aguas Calientes: For the Adventurous Traveler
If you’re seeking an immersive and physically challenging way to reach Aguas Calientes, hiking is an excellent option. For some, trekking to Aguas Calientes is as much a part of the Machu Picchu experience as the citadel itself. The region offers a variety of trekking routes, each with its own unique features and difficulties.
2.1. Inca Trail (Classic Route)
Overview: The Inca Trail is one of the most famous trekking routes in the world. This historic trail was once used by the Incas to reach Machu Picchu. It begins in Km 82 of the Cusco-Ollantaytambo train line and weaves through stunning landscapes, Incan archaeological sites, and high-altitude terrain. The trail culminates at Machu Picchu, with the final approach entering through the Sun Gate.
What to Expect: Hiking the Inca Trail is an unforgettable experience, offering a combination of physical challenge, historical intrigue, and natural beauty. Expect to see a variety of landscapes, from cloud forests to alpine tundra.
- Permits: Due to its popularity, permits for the Inca Trail are limited and must be booked through a licensed tour operator. Permits often sell out months in advance, so it’s crucial to plan well ahead.
- Duration: 4 days, 3 nights.
- Distance: 43 kilometers (26.7 miles).
- Difficulty: Moderate to challenging.
Alternative Treks to Machu Picchu
While the Inca Trail is the most famous and classic route to Machu Picchu, there are several equally stunning alternative treks that provide unique landscapes, cultural encounters, and a quieter journey to the iconic site. These treks offer diverse experiences, from high-altitude mountains to lush jungles, and they are perfect for those seeking a less-crowded adventure.
- Salkantay Trek: One of the most popular alternatives, this 5-day trek takes you through dramatic high-altitude mountain passes, verdant valleys, and tropical forests, with views of the majestic Salkantay Mountain. The trek culminates in Aguas Calientes, the town at the base of Machu Picchu.
- Lares Trek: A 3-4 day trek that offers a deep cultural experience, passing through remote Andean villages where you can interact with local communities. The route features breathtaking mountain views, hot springs, and alpine lakes, providing a blend of natural beauty and cultural immersion.
- Inca Jungle Trek: For thrill-seekers, the 4-day Inca Jungle Trek is an exciting mix of hiking, biking, and sometimes rafting. This adventure takes you through cloud forests and remote Incan roads, offering a diverse and active way to reach Machu Picchu.
- Choquequirao Trek: Known for its rugged terrain, the Choquequirao Trek is perfect for experienced trekkers. This challenging route takes you to the lesser-known Choquequirao ruins, often referred to as the “sister city” of Machu Picchu, and offers solitude and historical exploration.
- Vilcabamba Trek: A quieter and more remote option, the Vilcabamba Trek is a 5-day journey through ancient Incan sites, cloud forests, and mountain passes. It is a peaceful route that offers unique views and a deeper connection with the natural environment, leading to the final destination of Machu Picchu.
- The Ancascocha Trek is a 5-day, quieter alternative to the Inca Trail, offering beautiful views of mountains, valleys, and lakes. It passes through remote villages and ancient Inca ruins. The trek is moderately challenging, reaching 4,500 meters (14,764 feet), and ends with a train ride to Aguas Calientes, the gateway to Machu Picchu. It’s perfect for those seeking a peaceful, scenic journey.
3.- By Bus from Hydroelectric Station: A Budget-Friendly Option
For those seeking a more affordable way to reach Aguas Calientes, taking a bus from the Hydroelectric Station is a great option.
3.1. Bus from Hydroelectric Station
Another budget-friendly way to reach Aguas Calientes is by bus, offering an affordable alternative to the train. Buses depart from Cusco and follow a scenic route through the Sacred Valley, arriving at the Hidroelectrica station after a 6-7 hour journey. From there, travelers must hike for about three hours along the railway tracks to reach Aguas Calientes.
While there are no direct bus routes to Aguas Calientes, the bus ride takes you to the closest terminal at Hidroelectrica, from which you’ll need to walk. The winding mountain roads make the bus journey a bit bumpy, so it’s recommended to take precautions if you’re prone to motion sickness. This route offers a more adventurous and affordable way to reach the town, perfect for budget-conscious travelers.
What to Do in Aguas Calientes: A Complete Guide to the Gateway of Machu Picchu
Nestled in the lush Urubamba Valley, Aguas Calientes is the charming town that serves as the gateway to the awe-inspiring Machu Picchu. While many travelers visit Aguas Calientes just as a pit stop before heading up to the iconic Incan citadel, this vibrant town offers a wide range of activities, attractions, and cultural experiences that make it a worthy destination in its own right. Whether you’re looking to unwind in natural hot springs, explore ancient ruins, or indulge in Peruvian cuisine, Aguas Calientes has something for everyone. Here are the top things to do in this picturesque town:
1.- Visit the Machu Picchu Museum
The Machu Picchu Museum (Museo de Sitio Manuel Chávez Ballón), located just outside Aguas Calientes, is a must-visit for history enthusiasts. It offers insightful exhibits about the Inca civilization and the history of Machu Picchu, providing valuable context before visiting the site.
The museum displays a small collection of artifacts discovered in the area, along with interactive exhibits that bring the ancient culture to life. This stop is perfect for anyone wanting to deepen their understanding of the archaeological and historical significance of Machu Picchu.
2.- Relax in the Aguas Calientes Hot Springs
Aguas Calientes is renowned for its natural hot springs, located just a short walk from the town center. These therapeutic waters are heated by nearby volcanic activity, offering the perfect place to relax. After a long journey, whether by train or trek, the warm waters provide a soothing and rejuvenating experience.
Set against the backdrop of lush greenery and dramatic mountain views, the hot springs offer a serene escape in the heart of the Andes. The pools are well-maintained and vary in temperature, allowing visitors to find the perfect spot for unwinding.
3.- Explore the Local Market
The market in Aguas Calientes is a lively and vibrant hub of local culture, offering an eclectic mix of handmade crafts, textiles, jewelry, and traditional Peruvian goods. This bustling marketplace is an ideal place to immerse yourself in the rich cultural heritage of the region while picking up unique souvenirs.
Whether you’re looking for a cozy alpaca wool sweater, colorful woven scarves, or beautifully crafted pottery, the market has something for everyone. Beyond shopping, it’s a feast for the senses with its vibrant atmosphere, where the sounds and sights of local vendors fill the air. You’ll also find food stalls offering tasty Peruvian snacks, making it a perfect spot to enjoy a bite while exploring the market.
4.- Hike to Putucusi Mountain
5.- Allcamayo Waterfalls
Offer another breathtaking natural attraction for visitors. For many, these falls rival the well-known Mandor Waterfalls in beauty and scale. To reach them, you’ll embark on a scenic walk through lush greenery, surrounded by exotic trees, vibrant butterflies, and colorful orchids. The journey leads you to a series of stunning waterfalls, with the largest, Allcamayo, standing impressively over 30 meters high.
To visit, head to the back of the local train station in Aguas Calientes and follow a marked footpath for approximately one hour. Afterward, you’ll climb a set of wooden steps that take you to the viewing area, where you’ll find a sign reading “Cascada de Allcamayo.” The entrance fee is a modest 10 Soles per person, providing access to this tranquil, picturesque spot, perfect for nature lovers and those looking to enjoy a peaceful escape from the town.
6.- Explore the Mandor Gardens
7.- Inkaterra Spectacled Bear Conservation Center
Located within the Inkaterra Machu Picchu Pueblo Hotel, is dedicated to the conservation of one of Peru’s most endangered species, the Spectacled Bear. The center is home to four rescued bears, each of which has been affected by human activities in their natural habitat. Spanning 2,980 square meters, the center provides a safe, nurturing environment for these animals.
Supported by SERNAMP (National Service of Natural Areas Protected by the State), the center offers guided tours led by hotel biologists or zoologists. Visitors can learn about the bears’ behaviors, the conservation efforts, and the challenges the species faces. While the experience comes at a higher cost, it’s an unforgettable way to contribute to wildlife preservation while enjoying the stunning backdrop of Machu Picchu.
8.- Butterfly farm in Machu Picchu
The Butterfly Farm near Machu Picchu is a hidden gem for nature lovers and those passionate about conservation. Situated just a short 20-minute walk from Aguas Calientes, this butterfly interpretation and breeding center is dedicated to preserving nine species of native butterflies in the region.
Founded by local resident Leonardo Serrano Gutierrez, the center offers visitors a fascinating insight into the lifecycle of these delicate creatures. Guests can witness the butterfly metamorphosis process firsthand, learn about the vibrant colors of butterfly wings, and even release a butterfly into the wild, making a wish for good luck.
This magical experience, especially popular among honeymooners, is a unique way to connect with nature. The entrance fee is $6, making it an affordable yet enriching stop on your journey to Machu Picchu.
9.- Visit the Machu Picchu Orchid Trail
For nature enthusiasts, the Machu Picchu Orchid Trail is a must-visit. This short but scenic hike, located near Aguas Calientes, is renowned for its wide variety of orchids and diverse plant life.
The trail provides a fascinating look into the region’s rich flora and is an ideal activity for botany lovers. It’s a peaceful and easy walk, offering the chance to spot over 350 species of orchids, making it a perfect choice for those seeking to immerse themselves in nature’s beauty.
Where to stay in Aguas Calientes?
Aguas Calientes, the gateway to the majestic Machu Picchu, is a charming town nestled in the Peruvian Andes, offering a range of accommodations for every type of traveler. Whether you’re looking for luxury, comfort, or budget-friendly options, Aguas Calientes has something to suit your needs. The town’s proximity to the iconic Inca citadel makes it an ideal base for exploring the wonders of Machu Picchu, while its variety of lodging choices ensures you’ll have a restful stay. In this guide, we’ll explore the best places to stay in Aguas Calientes, from upscale hotels to cozy hostels, helping you choose the perfect spot for your adventure.
Hotel Vista Machu Picchu
With its unbeatable location and breathtaking views, Hotel Vista Machu Picchu provides the perfect balance of comfort and charm. Situated just a short walk from the train station, and the Machu Picchu bus stop, this welcoming bed and breakfast offers stunning views of the train station and surrounding mountains. Guests rave about the warm hospitality from the owner, Walter, who is always available to provide insider tips about the area. Starting at 40 dollars per night, Hotel Vista Machu Picchu is an excellent option for those looking for comfort, convenience, and stunning scenery.
Hotel Susana
Enjoying an exceptional location, Hotel Susana combines comfort with captivating scenery. A short walk from both the train station and Machu Picchu bus stop, this inviting hotel offers sweeping views of the lush mountains and the Vilcanota River. Guests consistently praise the friendly hospitality and personal touch that make their stay memorable. Starting at just $45 per night, Hotel Susana offers an affordable yet charming option for those seeking convenience and spectacular views while exploring Aguas Calientes.
Hotel Boutique Casa del Sol
For a romantic and intimate retreat, look no further than Hotel Boutique Casa del Sol. With scenic river views and luxurious rooms featuring Jacuzzis, this 4-star hotel creates a peaceful and serene ambiance. A highlight is the included breakfast and dinner at Manko, the hotel’s top-notch restaurant, providing the perfect end to a day spent exploring Machu Picchu. Starting at 211 euros per night, Casa del Sol offers an exceptional and relaxing stay for couples or anyone seeking a tranquil getaway.
InkaTerra Machu Picchu Pueblo Hotel
For those seeking a luxury experience, the InkaTerra Machu Picchu Pueblo Hotel offers a truly exceptional stay. Set amidst 5 hectares of lush ecotourism grounds along the Vilcanota River, this five-star hotel provides an extraordinary connection to nature with its vast array of orchids and native wildlife. Featuring all-inclusive meals (breakfast and dinner), the hotel guarantees a pampered, immersive experience in an idyllic natural setting. Starting at 415 euros per night, InkaTerra is perfect for those desiring an upscale retreat with a perfect blend of luxury and natural beauty.
Municipal Camping
For nature lovers seeking an affordable and immersive experience, Municipal Camping offers a simple, yet charming escape. Located just a 20-minute walk from the center of Aguas Calientes, this budget-friendly option allows you to camp for only 15 soles per tent. While basic, it provides essential facilities such as toilets and cold showers, as well as cooking areas for preparing your meals. Be sure to bring your own supplies, including food and toilet paper. Ideal for the dry season, this spot can be less comfortable during the rainy months (December to February), but it’s perfect for those looking to connect with nature in an authentic way.
No matter your style or budget, Aguas Calientes offers the perfect place to stay for your visit to Machu Picchu. From budget-friendly camping to luxurious retreats, you’re sure to find the ideal accommodation for your unforgettable adventure.
Packing Checklist
When preparing for a trip to Machu Picchu, proper packing is essential for ensuring a smooth, enjoyable experience. The site’s high-altitude location and diverse terrain require thoughtful planning. Here’s a comprehensive Machu Picchu packing checklist to help you prepare for your adventure:
1.- Travel Essentials
- Passport: Make sure it’s valid for at least 6 months beyond your travel dates. You’ll need it to enter Machu Picchu.
- Ticket/Reservation: Have printed or digital copies of your Machu Picchu entry ticket and train ticket (if applicable).
- Cash: Although most places accept credit cards, it’s helpful to have some soles (Peruvian currency) for smaller purchases in Aguas Calientes or Machu Picchu.
- Travel Insurance: Highly recommended for peace of mind during your travels.
- Camera: Capture the stunning views, but ensure it’s lightweight and easy to carry.
- Smartphone: Useful for navigation, translations, and emergency contact. Don’t forget your charger!
2.- Clothing
- Comfortable Hiking Shoes: Opt for sturdy, well-broken-in shoes with good traction for walking on varied surfaces, including uneven steps and rocky paths.
- Light, Breathable Clothes: Lightweight, moisture-wicking fabrics are ideal for the warm daytime temperatures.
- Warm Layer: Temperatures can drop in the mornings and evenings, so pack a lightweight jacket or fleece.
- Rain Gear: Weather in the Andes can be unpredictable, so bring a waterproof jacket or poncho. A compact, foldable poncho is often best.
- Hat or Cap: For sun protection, especially at higher altitudes.
- Sunglasses: Protect your eyes from the sun’s intense rays, especially at the high altitude of Machu Picchu.
- Light Gloves: If you’re visiting during the colder months, especially early in the morning, bring a light pair of gloves.
3.- Health and Hygiene
- Sunscreen: High-altitude sun exposure can be intense, so use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher.
- Bug Repellent: Particularly if you’re visiting the surrounding areas, a good insect repellent can help protect against mosquitos.
- Hand Sanitizer and Wet Wipes: Keep your hands clean, especially since public restrooms can sometimes lack soap.
- Personal Medications: Ensure you have enough for your entire trip, as pharmacies may be limited in remote areas.
- Altitude Medication: If you’re prone to altitude sickness, consult your doctor about possible medications or remedies.
- First Aid Kit: Include basic items such as band-aids, pain relievers, antiseptic wipes, and blister treatment.
4.- Machu Picchu-Specific Gear
- Water Bottle: Stay hydrated while exploring the site. Consider a refillable water bottle to reduce plastic waste.
- Snacks: While there are food stalls near the entrance, it’s always a good idea to bring lightweight snacks such as energy bars or dried fruit for energy on the go.
- Backpack: A small, lightweight backpack (daypack size) is ideal for carrying your essentials like water, snacks, sunscreen, and camera while exploring the site.
- Camera/GoPro: Capture the awe-inspiring views, but don’t overburden yourself with heavy equipment.
- Binoculars: Optional, but handy for birdwatching or taking in the intricate details of Machu Picchu from a distance.
5.- Important Documents
- Machu Picchu Entry Permit: You must have a reservation for entry, as there are limited slots each day. Your entry ticket will be checked before you enter the site.
- Train Tickets: If you’re taking the train to Aguas Calientes, have your tickets ready for both departure and return.
- Hotel Reservation: It’s always wise to have a confirmation for your accommodations in Aguas Calientes or other surrounding areas.
- Emergency Contacts: A list of important contacts, including your hotel and embassy, can be helpful in case of emergency.
6.- Optional Items
- Portable Charger: Since you may spend several hours at the site, having a power bank for your devices is a good idea.
- Lightweight Towel: Handy if you plan on visiting hot springs in Aguas Calientes or getting caught in rain.
- Notebook or Journal: For documenting your experience and thoughts as you explore the sacred Inca site.
- Travel Guidebook or Map: For more detailed information about the history and layout of Machu Picchu. Digital maps on your phone are also a convenient option.
7.- Things to Avoid
- Large Bags: Machu Picchu has strict regulations about what you can bring in. Only small daypacks (less than 5kg) are allowed.
- Umbrellas: Due to safety concerns, umbrellas are not permitted in Machu Picchu.
- Large Cameras or Tripods: Professional cameras with large lenses or tripods can be cumbersome, and are often not allowed inside the site.
- Plastic Water Bottles: To preserve the environment, it’s best to bring a refillable water bottle.
Final Tips:
- Pack Light: You’ll be walking and hiking, so keep your pack light and only bring essentials.
- Stay Flexible: Weather can be unpredictable, so be prepared for sudden changes in temperature and conditions.
- Arrive Early: Machu Picchu is less crowded in the early morning, and you’ll avoid the midday heat.
By carefully considering the items above, you’ll be well-prepared to make the most of your visit to one of the world’s most iconic historical sites.